ABSTRACT
Seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection and its complications.Currently,China has licensed trivalent (IIV3) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4),including split-virus influenza vaccine and subunit vaccine.In most parts of China,influenza vaccine is a category Ⅱ vaccine,which means influenza vaccination is voluntary,and recipients need to pay for it.To strengthen the technical guidance for prevention and control of influenza and the operational research on influenza vaccination in China,the National Immunization Advisory Committee (NIAC),Influenza Vaccine Technical Working Group (TWG),updated the 2014 technical guidelines and compiled the "Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China (2018-2019)",based on most recent existing scientific evidences.The main updates include:epidemiology and disease burden of influenza,types of influenza vaccines,northern hemisphere influenza vaccination composition for the 2018-2019 season,and,IIV3 and IIV4 vaccines' major immune responses,durability of immunity,immunogenicity,vaccine efficacy,effectiveness,safety,cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit.The recommendations include:Points of Vaccination clinics (PoVs) should provide influenza vaccination to all persons aged 6 months and above who are willing to be vaccinated and do not have contraindications.No preferential recommendation is made for any influenza vaccine product for persons who can accept ≥ 1 licensed,recommended,and appropriate products.To decrease the risk of severe infections and complications due to influenza virus infection among high risk groups,the recommendations prioritize seasonal influenza vaccination for children aged 6-60 months,adults ≥60 years of age,persons with specific chronic diseases,healthcare workers,the family members and caregivers of infants ＜6 months of age,and pregnant women or women who plan to pregnant during the influenza season.Children aged 6 months to 8 years old require 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered a minimum of 4 weeks apart during their first season of vaccination for optimal protection.If they were vaccinated in previous influenza season,1 dose is recommended.People ≥ 9 years old require 1 dose of influenza vaccine.It is recommended that people receive their influenza vaccination by the end of October.Influenza vaccination should be offered as soon as the vaccination is available.Influenza vaccination should continue to be available for those unable to be vaccinated before the end of October during the whole season.Influenza vaccine is also recommended for use in pregnant women during any trimester.These guidelines are intended for CDC members who are working on influenza control and prevention,PoVs members,healthcare workers from the departments of pediatrics,internal medicine,and infectious diseases,and members of materuity and child care institutions at all levels.
ABSTRACT
Influenza can be prevented through annual appropriate vaccination against the virus concerned.In China,influenza vaccine is categorized as "Class Ⅱ " infectious diseases which the cost is paid out of the user's pockets.The annual coverage of influenza vaccination had been 2％-3％.The main reasons for the low coverage would include the following factors:lacking awareness on both the disease and vaccine,poor accessibility of vaccination service,and the cost of vaccination.To reduce the health and economic burden associated with influenza,comprehensive policies should be improved,targeting the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination.These items would include:① Different financing reimbursement schemes and mechanisms to improve the aspiration on vaccination and on the vaccine coverage in high-risk groups,as young children,elderly,people with underlying medical conditions;② to ameliorate equality of vaccination services;③ to improve knowledge of the health care workers (HCWs) and the public on influenza and related vaccines;④ to improve clinical and preventive medical practice and vaccination among HCWs through revising clinical guidelines,pathway and consensus of experts;⑤ to provide more convenient,accessible and normative vaccination service system;⑥ to strengthen research and development as well as marketing on novel influenza vaccines;⑦ to revise items regarding the contraindication for influenza vaccine on pregnancy women,stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
ABSTRACT
Seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection and complications from infection. Currently, China has licensed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4), including split-virus influenza vaccine and subunit vaccine. Except for a few major cities, influenza vaccine is a category Ⅱ vaccine, which means influenza vaccination is voluntary, and recipients must pay for it. To strengthen the technical guidance for prevention and control of influenza and operational research on influenza vaccination in China, the National Immunization Advisory Committee (NIAC) Influenza Vaccine Technical Working Group (TWG), updated the 2014 technical guidelines and compiled the "Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China (2018-2019)" . The main updates in this version include: epidemiology, disease burden, types of influenza vaccines, northern hemisphere influenza vaccination composition for the 2018-2019 season, IIV3 and IIV4 immune response, durability of immunity, immunogenicity, vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit. The influenza vaccine TWG provided the recommendations for influenza vaccination for the 2018-2019 influenza season based on existing scientific evidence. The recommendations described in this report include the following: Points of Vaccination clinics (PoVs) should provide influenza vaccination to all persons aged 6 months and above who are willing to be vaccinated and do not have contraindications. No preferential recommendation is made for one influenza vaccine product over another for persons for whom more than one licensed, recommended, and appropriate product is available. To decrease the risk of severe infections and complications due to influenza virus infection among high risk groups, the recommendations prioritize seasonal influenza vaccination for children aged 6-59 months, adults ≥60 years of age, persons with specific chronic diseases, healthcare workers, the family members and caregivers of infants <6 months of age, and pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant during the influenza season. Children aged 6 months through 8 years require 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered a minimum of 4 weeks apart during their first season of vaccination for optimal protection. If they were vaccinated in 2017-2018 influenza season or a prior season, 1 dose is recommended. People more than 8 years old require 1 dose of influenza vaccine. It is recommended that people receive their influenza vaccination by the end of October. Influenza vaccination should be offered as soon as the vaccination is available. For the people unable to be vaccinated before the end of October, influenza vaccination will continue to be offered for the whole season. Influenza vaccine is also recommended for use in pregnant women during any trimester. These guidelines are intended for use by staff members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at all levels who work on influenza control and prevention, PoVs staff members, healthcare workers from the departments of pediatrics, internal medicine, and infectious diseases, and staff members of maternity and child care institutions at all levels.
ABSTRACT
Seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection and its complications.Currently,China has licensed trivalent (IIV3) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4),including split-virus influenza vaccine and subunit vaccine.In most parts of China,influenza vaccine is a category Ⅱ vaccine,which means influenza vaccination is voluntary,and recipients need to pay for it.To strengthen the technical guidance for prevention and control of influenza and the operational research on influenza vaccination in China,the National Immunization Advisory Committee (NIAC),Influenza Vaccine Technical Working Group (TWG),updated the 2014 technical guidelines and compiled the "Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China (2018-2019)",based on most recent existing scientific evidences.The main updates include:epidemiology and disease burden of influenza,types of influenza vaccines,northern hemisphere influenza vaccination composition for the 2018-2019 season,and,IIV3 and IIV4 vaccines' major immune responses,durability of immunity,immunogenicity,vaccine efficacy,effectiveness,safety,cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit.The recommendations include:Points of Vaccination clinics (PoVs) should provide influenza vaccination to all persons aged 6 months and above who are willing to be vaccinated and do not have contraindications.No preferential recommendation is made for any influenza vaccine product for persons who can accept ≥ 1 licensed,recommended,and appropriate products.To decrease the risk of severe infections and complications due to influenza virus infection among high risk groups,the recommendations prioritize seasonal influenza vaccination for children aged 6-60 months,adults ≥60 years of age,persons with specific chronic diseases,healthcare workers,the family members and caregivers of infants ＜6 months of age,and pregnant women or women who plan to pregnant during the influenza season.Children aged 6 months to 8 years old require 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered a minimum of 4 weeks apart during their first season of vaccination for optimal protection.If they were vaccinated in previous influenza season,1 dose is recommended.People ≥ 9 years old require 1 dose of influenza vaccine.It is recommended that people receive their influenza vaccination by the end of October.Influenza vaccination should be offered as soon as the vaccination is available.Influenza vaccination should continue to be available for those unable to be vaccinated before the end of October during the whole season.Influenza vaccine is also recommended for use in pregnant women during any trimester.These guidelines are intended for CDC members who are working on influenza control and prevention,PoVs members,healthcare workers from the departments of pediatrics,internal medicine,and infectious diseases,and members of materuity and child care institutions at all levels.
ABSTRACT
Influenza can be prevented through annual appropriate vaccination against the virus concerned.In China,influenza vaccine is categorized as "Class Ⅱ " infectious diseases which the cost is paid out of the user's pockets.The annual coverage of influenza vaccination had been 2％-3％.The main reasons for the low coverage would include the following factors:lacking awareness on both the disease and vaccine,poor accessibility of vaccination service,and the cost of vaccination.To reduce the health and economic burden associated with influenza,comprehensive policies should be improved,targeting the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination.These items would include:① Different financing reimbursement schemes and mechanisms to improve the aspiration on vaccination and on the vaccine coverage in high-risk groups,as young children,elderly,people with underlying medical conditions;② to ameliorate equality of vaccination services;③ to improve knowledge of the health care workers (HCWs) and the public on influenza and related vaccines;④ to improve clinical and preventive medical practice and vaccination among HCWs through revising clinical guidelines,pathway and consensus of experts;⑤ to provide more convenient,accessible and normative vaccination service system;⑥ to strengthen research and development as well as marketing on novel influenza vaccines;⑦ to revise items regarding the contraindication for influenza vaccine on pregnancy women,stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.